119

The Coupling of Atmospheric Electromagnetic Fields

FIGURE 3.7 Power spectra of the electrical activity. (a) Zooplankton. (b) Vertebrates (sea lion, snake, shark) and

invertebrates (octopus) and (c) human measured at three diferent locations on the head showing 1-minute averages.

(From Price et al., 2021.)

the diferences in the brain waves of diferent species across vertebrates and invertebrates, with peaks of

electrical activity in zooplankton at 7 and 14 Hz, and frequencies below 50 Hz in sea lion, snake, shark and

octopus, as well as humans. Te spectra are almost the same and the dominant peak close to 8 Hz in all

examples. As they indicated, many species from zooplankton to humans exhibit electrical activity in the

ELF range below 50 Hz with signifcant maximum in their power spectra focused at specifc frequencies.

Tese frequencies show the similarity to the natural ELF spectra in the atmosphere produced by lightning

from the comparison of Figures 3.5 and 3.6, Table 3.1. It is hypothesized that the background natural ELF

felds in the atmosphere had a major role in the evolution of biological systems (Price et al., 2021).

3.4.2 Circadian Rhythm in Human and Vertebrates

In 1962, the French apeleologist, Michel Sifre attempted to live alone for 2 months in an underground

cave, isolated from the rest of the world, without any clocks, calendars, or any other means of telling